PSG has now won the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup victory.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match featuring the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup holders after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille fired two times late to seize a shock advantage. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the final seconds to send the match into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
From the spot, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for PSG to seal a 4-1 penalty win.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who met last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the twelfth time in the last thirteen years.